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NANO PARTICLES INTRODUCTION Nano technology is the study of matter on an atomic and

molecular scale. One nanometer is one billionth or 10-9m. The carbon-carbon bond length is in the

range of 0.12-0.15 nm, the DNA double helix has a diameter of 2nm, and that of bacteria will be

around 200nm. So particles of nanometer size are called Nano particles. DEFINITION Nanoparticles

are particle that have size ranging from 10to100 nanometer.1nm=10-9m.These are usually particles

at the atomic or molecular size. CHARACTERISATION Materials reduced to nanometer scale show

unique characteristics. For instance, opaque substance become transparent (copper), stable

materials turn combustible (aluminium), insoluble materials become soluble (gold). Therefore

materials on nanoscale find wide applications in the field of medicine, electronics and in all fields of

engineering. Application of nanoparticle technology in medicine The biological and medical research

communities have exploited the properties of nano particles for various applications: Integration of

nano materials with biology led to the development of diagnostic devices and drug delivery vehicles.

 Diagnostics: Gold nano particles tagged with DNA can be used for the detection of genetic

sequence. Manganese oxide nanoparticles have been used as contrast agent for magnetic resonance

imaging (MRI).The results of an MRI scan can be used to help diagnose conditions, plan treatments

and assess how effective previous treatment has been. Nanoparticles are used for early and specific

cancer detection and therapy.  Drug Delivery: Drug can be delivered for specific cell using nano

particles Tissue Engineering 1.This may replace today’s conventional treatment like organ

transplants/artificial implants. 2.Advanced forms in tissue engineering may lead to life extension. 3.It

can repair the targeted damaged tissue. 4.Lipid based nanoparticles are used in cosmetics and

Creams. 5.The zinc oxide nanoparticles block the UV rays, hence it is used in Sunscreen lotion. 41

Application of nanotechnology in electronics (i) Today’s solar cells utilize only 40% solar energy.

Nanotechnology could help to increase the efficiency of light conversion using nanostructures. (ii)

The efficiency of internal combustion engine is about 30-40% Nano technology could improve

combustion by designing catalysts with maxi mized surface area. (iii) The use of batteries with higher

energy cont Nanotechnology has already introduced integrated circuits in nanoscale (50nm) in CPU’s

and DRAM devices. (v) Carbon nano-tubes based cross bar memory called Nano-RAM gives high

density memory for computers has been developed. (vi) The data storage density of hard discs is

increased by using the nanoparticle. Biomaterials  Problems in Food and bi oprocessing industry for

manufacturing high quality of safe food can be solved using nanotechnology.  Bacteria

identification and food quality monitoring using biosensors are examples of application of nano

technology.  A nano composite coating act as anti microbial agents.  Natural bone surface is

100nm across. If the artificial bone implant is smooth, the body rejects it. So nanoent is possible with

nano.

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