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Antibiosis The phenomenon of the production of antibiotic is called as antibiosis. Antibiotic is an

organic substance produced by one organism which in low concentration inhibits the growth of

other organism. Eg. Streptomycin - S.griseus , Penicillin - P. notatum , Trichoderma harzianum

inhibits the growth of Rhizoctonia spProducers, consumers and decomposers of an ecosystem. Our

environment consisting of both living and non-living systems, influence each other in form, function

and property which is necessary to maintain life. The composition of the living and the nonliving

systems are the building blocks of an ecosystem. Producers In an ecosystem, producers are those

organisms that use photosynthesis to capture energy by using sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to

create carbohydrates, and then use that energy to create more complex molecules like proteins,

lipids and starches that are crucial to life processes. Producers, which are mostly green plants, are

also called autotrophs. Producers funnel into the ecosystem the energy needed for its biological

processes. The carbohydrates and other organic chemicals formed by the producers are utilized by

the heterotrophs, or consumers; first by the herbivores who eat the plants--the primary consumers--

then by the predators who eat the herbivores--the secondary, tertiary, and so on consumers. But at

each step, much energy is lost. Less than 10 percent of the energy stored in plants is converted to

herbivore mass. The loss from herbivore to predator is similar. Thus energy needs to be added to the

ecosystem continuously. Producers: Organism which produces its own food by using energy from

the sun Consumers Consumers are organisms (including humans) that get their energy from

producers, regarding the flow of energy through an ecosystem. For example, producers, (such as

plants), make their own food by the process of photosynthesis. An organism ate this plant, than it

would be a primary consumer. The animal that eats this animal is known as the second order

consumer. Scientifically, all consumers are either herbivores, carnivores, omnivores or detrivores

(decomposers and other organism that break down organic matter). These 'orders' are known as

trophic levels. Consumers: Organism which doesn‘t make its own food, but gets it from eating plants

orConsumers: Organism which doesn‘t make its own food, but gets it from eating plants or other

animals. Decomposers Decomposers eventually convert all organic matter into carbon dioxide

(which they respire) and nutrients. This releases raw nutrients (such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and

magnesium) in a form usable to plants and algae, which incorporate the chemicals into their own

cells. This process 9 resupplies nutrients to the ecosystem, in turn allowing for greater primary

production. Although decomposers are generally located on the bottom of ecosystem diagrams such

as food chains, food webs, and energy pyramids, decomposers in the biosphere are crucial to the

environment. By breaking down dead material, they provide the nutrients that other organisms

need to survive. As decomposers feed on dead organisms, they leave behind nutrients. These

nutrients become part of the soil. Therefore, more plants can grow and thrive. Decomposer:

Organism which digests or breaks down formerly living material.

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